^aCriteria applied to identify patients with IBD who are potentially appropriate for advanced therapies include patients with steroid-refractory active disease, patients with steroid dependency, patients with intolerance or contraindication to conventional therapies, and/or patients with severe disease that has relapsed¹¹; ^bRetrospective observational study, data were collected from Italian Healthcare Departments’ administrative databases. The study sample covered approximately 11.3% of the overall Italian population; 26,781 patients diagnosed with IBD were identified, considering all available periods in the database.¹¹